Parotitis (swelling of the parotid gland) is caused by a variety of bacteria and viruses. Acute unilateral parotitis is most commonly due to Staph. aureus and mixed oral aerobes and/or anaerobic bacteria.
Predisposing factors: stone(s) in Stensen’s duct, dehydration, poor oral hygiene, postoperative state
Many serious potential complications: Extension into parapharyngeal space, septic thrombophlebitis of jugular vein, parotid abscess, facial nerve paralysis

Bacterial (usually unilateral)
- Staph. aureus, Strep. pyogenes, aerobic and anaerobic oral flora
Viral (often bilateral)
- Enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, Mumps, HHV-6B, parainfluenza virus, Epstein-Barr virusEBV, cytomegalovirusCMV and rarely others (J Infect Dis 208:1979, 2013).

Other:
- Granulomatous diseases (e.g., mycobacteria, fungi, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome); drugs, malignancy

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