MGUS Prognosis
Determine risk of malignant progression to myleoma or lymphoproliferative disorder.
Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) have an increased risk of developing a hematologic malignancy, most often multiple myeloma from IgG and IgA MGUS, and other malignant lymphoproliferative disorders from IgM MGUS. A previous large study from the Mayo Clinic of patients in Minnesota with MGUS detected an overall risk of progression of approximately 1% per year (Kyle 2002). This model from the same Minnesota population proposes a risk-stratification model based on serum M-protein concentration, type of paraprotein, and presence of an abnormal serum free kappa:lambda light chain ratio (Rajkumar 2005). This risk-stratification model may be useful in identifying MGUS patients with a high risk of progression as candidates for closer supervision and potential clinical trial strategies. It may also prove useful in identifying patients with a very low risk of malignant transformation and less intensive follow-up (BCSH MGUS Guidelines), although surveillance strategies based on this model require prospective study.
- [1]Rajkumar et al.: Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.Blood 2005 August 1, 106 (3): 812-7
- [2]Kyle et al.: A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.New England Journal of Medicine 2002 February 21, 346 (8): 564-9
- [3]Guidelines for the initial investigation and management of MGUS have been published by Bird et al. UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF) and Nordic Myeloma Study Group (NMSG): Guidelines for the investigation of newly detected M-proteins and the management of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) - accessed June 13, 2009.
Results
Real-time automated computation
Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) have an increased risk of developing a hematologic malignancy, most often multiple myeloma from IgG and IgA MGUS, and other malignant lymphoproliferative disorders from IgM MGUS. A previous large study from the Mayo Clinic of patients in Minnesota with MGUS detected an overall risk of progression of approximately 1% per year (Kyle 2002). This model from the same Minnesota population proposes a risk-stratification model based on serum M-protein concentration, type of paraprotein, and presence of an abnormal serum free kappa:lambda light chain ratio (Rajkumar 2005). This risk-stratification model may be useful in identifying MGUS patients with a high risk of progression as candidates for closer supervision and potential clinical trial strategies. It may also prove useful in identifying patients with a very low risk of malignant transformation and less intensive follow-up (BCSH MGUS Guidelines), although surveillance strategies based on this model require prospective study.
- [1]Rajkumar et al.: Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.Blood 2005 August 1, 106 (3): 812-7
- [2]Kyle et al.: A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.New England Journal of Medicine 2002 February 21, 346 (8): 564-9
- [3]Guidelines for the initial investigation and management of MGUS have been published by Bird et al. UK Myeloma Forum (UKMF) and Nordic Myeloma Study Group (NMSG): Guidelines for the investigation of newly detected M-proteins and the management of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) - accessed June 13, 2009.